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A potentially debilitating condition affecting the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Myelin, the covering that protects nerve fibers, is attacked by the immune system in multiple sclerosis (MS), which impairs brain-to-body communication. The illness may eventually result in irreversible harm or degeneration of the nerve fibers.

A migraine is a type of headache that often affects one side of the head and can cause excruciating throbbing pain or a pulsating sensation. Severe light and sound sensitivity, nausea, and vomiting are frequently present. The pain from migraine attacks can be excruciating, interfering with everyday tasks for hours or even days at a time. Some patients experience an aura, which is a warning symptom, either before or during their headache. A person may have visual disturbances like blind spots or light flashes, as well as non-visual disturbances like tingling in one arm or leg, difficulty speaking, or tingling on one side of the face.

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues and organs. It can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and lungs. The exact cause of lupus isn’t fully understood, but it’s believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Living with lupus can be challenging, but many people manage their symptoms effectively with the right treatment and support. If you or someone you know has lupus

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.An autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body’s tissues.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the joints and entheses, where tendons and ligaments connect to bone. Like psoriasis, PsA is associated with related health conditions 
(comorbidities).Though there is no cure, a growing range of treatments are available to help stop the disease progression, lessen pain, protect joints, and preserve range of motion. If you have or suspect you may have PsA, it is extremely important to work with a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in how the immune system affects joints, bones, and muscles) to find the right treatment plan.

A form of arthritis characterized by severe pain, redness, and tenderness in joints. Pain and inflammation occur when too much uric acid crystallizes and deposits in the joints. Symptoms of gout include severe pain, redness, and swelling in joints, often the big toe. Attacks can come suddenly, often at night.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.

Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology characterized by salivary and lacrimal glands immune-mediated damage, leading to dryness of the mouth (xerostomia) and eyes (xerophthalmia). Sjogren’s (SHOW-grins) syndrome is a disorder of your immune system identified by its two most common symptoms — dry eyes and a dry mouth. The condition often accompanies other immune system disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) is a subtype of systemic scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) characterized by skin hardening (fibrosis) and problems in many parts of the body. The disease can occur at any age but mainly affects people between 40 and 50 years of age.

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a condition caused by damage to the airways or other parts of the lung that blocks airflow and makes it hard to breathe. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of a slimy substance called mucus. It can also cause breathing problems, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. Because COPD is a progressive disease, its symptoms often develop slowly but worsen over time and can limit your ability to do routine activities. Serious COPD may prevent you from doing even basic activities such as walking, cooking, or taking care of yourself.

MAC lung disease is caused by a bacterial group known as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Most people who swallow or breathe in these viruses remain healthy. However, some people may be more vulnerable to a slow-growing infection once MAC enters their airway because to certain pre-existing disorders. Breathing is impacted by infections, which can be challenging to cure if discovered too late. There is no spread of MAC lung disease

A person with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) regularly pauses breathing while they are asleep. It is the outcome of an obstruction of the upper airway that happens while you sleep due to insufficient tongue and/or airway dilator muscle motor tone. In other words, it happens when the muscles in the throat relax, preventing air from entering the lungs.

The illness known as restless legs syndrome (RLS) produces an intense desire to move the legs. The need to move is typically sparked by a sensation of discomfort in the legs. Sitting or lying down, it usually occurs in the evening or at night. For a little while, the discomfort is relieved by moving. Any age can experience the onset of restless legs syndrome, which usually gets worse with age. It may cause sleep disturbances, which makes daily tasks more difficult. Another name for RLS is Willis-Ekbom illness.

People with narcolepsy, a sleep disorder, are extremely sleepy during the day. Narcolepsy patients have difficulty staying awake for extended periods of time. Abruptly, they nod off. This may seriously interfere with their day-to-day activities. Cataplexy, or an abrupt decrease of muscle tone, can also occasionally be brought on by narcolepsy (KAT-uh-plek-see). Strong emotions, especially laughing, might cause this. There are two varieties of narcolepsy. Cataplexy affects most individuals with type 1 narcolepsy. The majority of those without cataplexy suffer from type 2 narcolepsy.

Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood. (NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease with several causes that lead to excessive body fat and sometimes, poor health. Body fat itself is not a disease, of course. But when your body has too much extra fat, it can change the way it functions. These changes are progressive, can worsen over time, and they can lead to adverse health effects.